- Kinetic solubility: The maximum concentration of a compound that dissolves in a solvent under a specific timeframe, providing insights into its dissolution behavior.

- Thermodynamic solubility: The equilibrium concentration of a compound in a solution, offering information about its long-term solubility characteristics.

- LogP (Partition Coefficient): A logarithmic ratio of the concentration of a compound in octanol to its concentration in water at equilibrium.

- LogD Extending the concept of LogP by considering the ionization of acidic or basic functional groups.

- Chemical stability in buffer: Ensuring the maintenance of a drug's potency, safety, and efficacy over time. Factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of reactive impurities can influence the chemical stability of a compound in a buffer.

- Liver microsomes, S9, hepatocytes Stability: Assessing the compound's resilience in the presence of hepatic enzymes, mimicking conditions encountered in the liver during drug metabolism.

- Biological Matrix Stability (Plasma, Blood, Tissue Homogenates): Evaluating the robustness of a compound in biological fluids or tissue homogenates, reflecting its stability in physiological environments.

- Glutathione (GSH) Stability: Focusing on the compound's integrity in the presence of glutathione, a key cellular antioxidant, providing insights into potential interactions and susceptibility to degradation.

- Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA):  Measuring a compound's permeability across an artificial lipid membrane, serving as a predictive tool for oral absorption.

- Caco-2: Evaluating a compound's ability to traverse human intestinal epithelial cells, helping predict its absorption potential in the gastrointestinal tract.

- MDCK-MDR1, MDCK-BCRP: Cells expressing the P-glycoprotein (MDR1) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), assessing the impact of efflux transporters on a compound's permeability.

- ABC Transporter Assay: Employing both cell and vesicle assays, our comprehensive ABC transporter evaluation includes essential transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP), Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins (MRPs) 1-4, and Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP).

- SLC Transporter Assay: Leveraging stable transfected HEK293 cells, our SLC transporter assessment covers key transporters including OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2K.

- CYP phenotyping Identifying the specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms involved in the metabolism of a compound, aiding in understanding its biotransformation pathways.

- CYP isoforms: 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, specific isoforms of cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for drug metabolism in the liver, and their identification helps predict potential drug interactions.

- DDI (Drug-Drug Interaction): DDI studies assess how a drug may affect the pharmacokinetics of another drug, providing valuable information to avoid adverse interactions in co-administration scenarios.

- TDI (Time-Dependent Inhibition): TDI studies focus on the potential of a drug to inhibit enzymes in a time-dependent manner, affecting its own metabolism and potentially leading to drug-drug interactions.

- Plasma binding: Investigating the extent to which a drug binds to proteins in the blood plasma, influencing its distribution and pharmacokinetic profile.

- Tissue homogenates: Evaluating the binding of a drug to proteins in tissue homogenates, providing information on its distribution within tissues.

- BSA or target protein: Assessing the interaction between a drug and specific proteins, impacting its distribution and efficacy.

- Blood Plasma Ratio: A measure of the distribution of a substance between the blood plasma and the whole blood. This ratio provides valuable information about the extent to which a compound binds to blood cells versus remaining in the liquid plasma component. Aid in understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the compound and predicting potential hematotoxicity or other adverse effects.

- MetID In Vitro: Using liver microsomes and hepatocytes to identify and characterize metabolites produced during drug metabolism.

- MetID In Vivo: Analyzing metabolites in biological fluids such as plasma, urine, feces, and bile, providing a comprehensive understanding of drug metabolism in living organisms.

- HepG2: Cytotoxicity studies using HepG2 cells assess the potential toxic effects of a compound on liver cells, impacting its safety profile.

- Primary Human Hepatocytes: Cytotoxicity studies with primary human hepatocytes evaluate the impact of a compound on the viability of human liver cells, crucial for assessing safety in drug development.