Molecular glue degraders (MGDs) induce the proximity of target proteins to E3 ubiquitin ligases, leading to target protein ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Unlike conventional inhibitors that target enzymatic activity, these molecules enable the degradation of proteins previously deemed "undruggable," thereby rendering them "druggable". With a first-in-class VAV1-directed MGDs (MRT6160) enters in clinical phase I, VAV1 degraders showed the remarkable potential in Immunology and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and colitis. Current advancements highlight its ability to reduce proinflammatory cytokine production, inhibit pathogenic T cell polarization, and mitigate autoimmune responses.
In the development of new drugs, it is crucial to know the safety profile of drug candidates in advance, as this can prevent the drug from being withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns after launch, thus reducing the risk for pharmaceutical companies.
It is estimated that approximately 75% of all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are dose-dependent type A reactions, which can be predicted according to the pharmacological profiles of drug candidates. The pharmacological profiles are mainly divided into primary effects, which are related to the action of the compound at its intended target, and secondary effects, which arise from interactions with non-primary targets, i.e. off-target effects. Off-target interactions are often the cause of ADRs in animal models or clinical studies, so careful characterization and identification of the secondary pharmacological profiles of drug candidates early in the drug discovery process could help reduce the incidence of type A ADRs.
The major safety concerns that lead to the termination of clinical drug development programs and the withdrawal of approved drugs from the market are related to the cardiovascular system and the liver. The most frequent cardiovascular adverse event that prompts drug withdrawals is the potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia known as Torsades de Pointes (TdP). Sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promise in treating various tumors but raises concerns regarding its cardiovascular safety. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the proarrhythmic risks associated with Sunitinib, employing an integrated platform that spans both in vitro and ex vivo analyses.
As one of the important abnormal cytoplasmic DNA monitoring mechanisms, cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays a unique and critical role in host defense against pathogens, tumor immunity, autoimmune diseases, and aging-related inflammation. Sustained activation of the cGAS- STING signaling pathway drives diseases such as autoimmune diseases, aging-associated inflammation, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Therefore, designing drugs that activate/inhibit cGAS or STING signaling may be helpful in anti-cancer, anti-pathogen, anti-inflammatory and other fields. On this basis, we established a series of in vitro screening platforms related to cGAS-STING signaling pathways to facilitate the rapid identification of cGAS/STING agonists/inhibitors.
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