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In Vivo Pharmacology

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CNS In Vivo Pharmacology Platform

CNS in vivo pharmacology

ICE Bioscience provides comprehensive in vivo pharmacology services to evaluate the efficacy and functional effects of CNS drug candidates across a range of neurological, neurodegenerative, pain, and psychiatric disorders. With capabilities spanning advanced surgical techniques, disease-relevant animal models, specialized behavioral assessments and mechanistic studies, we tailor study designs to specific therapeutic indications and research objectives, supporting efficacy assessment of candidate compounds from early discovery through translational research.

Advanced Surgical Techniques

Precise administration for diverse CNS delivery needs

Precise drug administration is essential for evaluating CNS candidates with different delivery requirements, target sites, and pharmacological objectives. Our experienced team provides a range of administration and surgical techniques to support systemic exposure, brain-targeted delivery, direct cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) administration, and region-specific CNS studies.

Administration RouteTarget SiteTypical ApplicationsMajor Advantages
Oral Gavage (PO)Systemic circulationChronic efficacy, PK, toxicologyClinically relevant, convenient
Intraperitoneal (IP)Systemic circulationSmall molecules, routine pharmacologySimple, rapid, economical
Intravenous (IV)Blood circulationPK/PD, biologics, nanoparticlesImmediate systemic exposure
Jugular Vein Catheter InfusionBlood circulationContinuous infusion, PK studiesStable plasma concentration, long-term dosing
Intranasal AdministrationBrain (olfactory/trigeminal pathway)Peptides, proteins, nanoparticles, CNS deliveryNon-invasive BBB bypass
Common Carotid Artery InjectionCerebral circulationBrain-targeted delivery, BBB studiesHigh brain exposure
Intrathecal InjectionCSF / spinal cordPain, ALS, SMA, spinal diseasesDirect CSF administration, avoids BBB
DRG-guided Transforaminal InjectionDorsal Root GanglionNeuropathic pain, sensory neuron targetingHighly localized peripheral nervous system delivery
Stereotaxic Brain InjectionSpecific brain nucleusAAV, toxinsGold standard for precise CNS targeting
Brain Cannulation & MicroinjectionSelected brain regionChronic drug infusion, microdialysis, repeated administrationLong-term local administration without repeated surgery
Behavioral Assessments

Disease-relevant models with functional readouts

Our CNS in vivo pharmacology platform combines disease-relevant animal models with behavioral and functional assessments to characterize drug efficacy and pharmacological responses. Studies can be designed around the intended indication, mechanism of action, and translational objectives, with capabilities spanning small and large animal models.

Small Animal Behavioral Assessment

Rodent behavioral tests across functional domains

We provide a broad portfolio of behavioral assays to evaluate cognition, sensorimotor function, emotional behaviors, pain responses, and motor performance in rodent models.

Main Behavioral DomainBehavioral TestMain Disease Applications
Conditioned avoidance; antipsychotic-sensitive behaviorConditioned Avoidance ResponseSchizophrenia, major depressive disorder
Associative learning; contextual and cued memoryFear Conditioning TestAlzheimer's disease, anxiety, psychiatric disorders
Spatial learning and reference memoryMorris Water MazeAlzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment
Recognition memoryNovel Object RecognitionAlzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment
Sensorimotor gatingPrepulse InhibitionSchizophrenia
Acute thermal nociceptionTail-Flick TestPain
Working memory; spontaneous alternationY-Maze TestAlzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment
Anxiety-like behaviorElevated Plus MazeMajor depressive disorder, anxiety, psychiatric disorders
Mechanical nociception / mechanical allodyniaElectronic von Frey TestNeuropathic and inflammatory pain
Locomotor activity, exploration, anxiety-like behaviorOpen Field TestParkinson's disease, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety
Major depressive disorder-like behavior / behavioral despairForced Swim TestMajor depressive disorder
Thermal nociception / thermal hyperalgesiaHargreaves Plantar TestNeuropathic, inflammatory, postoperative pain
Neuromuscular strengthGrip Strength TestParkinson's disease, neuromuscular dysfunction, general toxicity
Motor coordination, balance and motor learningRotarod TestParkinson's disease, motor dysfunction
Large Animal Pharmacology

Translational efficacy beyond rodent models

Our large animal capabilities extend in vivo pharmacology beyond rodent models, supporting translational efficacy evaluation and functional assessment in dogs, pigs, and non-human primates, according to study requirements. Representative study capabilities include:

Pain Assessment in Dogs and Monkeys

Evaluation of pain-related responses and pharmacological effects.

Emesis Response in Dogs

Assessment of emetic responses to support pharmacological characterization.

Learning & Memory Assessment

Evaluation of cognitive performance in non-human primates.

Mechanistic Studies

From functional to molecular and anatomical levels

Understanding how a candidate compound produces its effects is essential for validating its mechanism of action and interpreting in vivo efficacy. Our mechanistic studies platform integrates brain function monitoring, neuroimaging, molecular biology, and histopathology to investigate pharmacological responses at functional, anatomical, and molecular levels.

Brain Function

Electrophysiological and neurochemical monitoring

Brain Slice Electrophysiology

Patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal and other brain slices to assess drug effects on neuronal excitability and synaptic function.

In Vivo Multi-Region EEG

Simultaneous recording from hippocampus, frontal cortex, occipital cortex and parietal cortex via implantable electrodes, enabling network-level analysis of drug-induced neural activity changes.

In Vivo Microdialysis

Continuous sampling of extracellular neurotransmitters and biomolecules, coupled with LC-MS/MS or HPLC detection for dynamic neurochemical profiling.

Brain Imaging

Structural, functional and molecular imaging

Structural & Functional MRI

T2-weighted and advanced MRI sequences for evaluating brain atrophy, lesion volume and structural changes in disease models.

PET-CT Imaging

Molecular imaging for target engagement, receptor occupancy and CNS biodistribution studies.

Molecular Biology

Protein and gene expression analysis

Western Blot (WB)

Quantification of target proteins and relevant signaling markers.

Quantitative PCR (qPCR)

Assessment of gene expression and molecular responses.

Histopathology

Cellular and ultrastructural pathology

Immunofluorescence (IF)

Detection and localization of cell-specific and disease-associated markers to characterize cellular responses and pathological changes.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Visualization of target protein expression and distribution in tissue sections to evaluate disease pathology and drug effects.

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Ultrastructural analysis of cells and tissues to investigate subcellular changes associated with disease and treatment.


Contact Us

We value your inquiries and are here to provide you with tailored solutions for your drug discovery and development needs. Whether you have questions, require more information, or are interested in discussing potential collaborations, our team of experts is just a message away.
Feel free to reach out to us.

We are a CRO service organization, not a hospital




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